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- TECHNOLOGY, Page 77A Furious Battle over Milk
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- Farmers fear a biotech protein that could produce a dairy glut
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- To its manufacturers the hormone represents the dawn of a
- dazzling new era in agriculture. To its critics, however, it
- poses a dangerous threat to the prosperity of dairy farmers and
- the wholesome image of "nature's perfect food." The product is
- bovine somatotropin, a natural protein found in cattle that has
- been artificially mass-produced in the labs of several
- pharmaceutical firms. When injected into dairy cows, BST can
- increase their milk production up to 25%. But would the use of
- BST create a milk glut that could drive down dairy prices? And
- would consumers view milk from BST-treated cows as artificial
- and somehow tainted?
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- Those questions have ignited debate over BST, which is the
- first major product that the fledgling biotechnology industry
- has developed for agriculture. The hormone has been used in
- several West European nations, the Soviet Union and South
- Africa. But opposition is intense. The European Parliament, for
- example, has recommended that its member countries prohibit the
- sale of meat or milk from BST-treated cows, and two provinces
- in Canada have temporarily halted the distribution of such
- products. In the U.S. the Food and Drug Administration is
- considering whether to approve the use of BST amid rising
- protests from concerned dairy states. Wisconsin's agriculture
- secretary has proposed a moratorium of up to three years on the
- use of BST while its economic consequences are studied, and
- several dairy cooperatives in California said they will not
- accept BST-treated milk.
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- The four U.S. companies that make BST -- Monsanto, Eli
- Lilly, Upjohn and American Cyanamid -- are having trouble
- understanding why it is so controversial. They point out that
- BST is a natural hormone produced by a cow's pituitary gland and
- present in all milk. In fact, they assert, milk from BST-treated
- cows has no more BST than regular milk. The companies contend
- that BST injections would merely enable dairy farmers to produce
- the same amount of milk with fewer cows. "BST is about
- efficiency," asserts Monsanto spokesman Laurence O'Neill. Says
- Stephen White, BST project manager for American Cyanamid: "The
- thought that we are going to turn the rivers white with milk is
- a myth."
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- Others are not so sure. "In this business, if the
- production goes up, the price goes down," complains John
- Zonneveld, a dairy farmer in Laton, Calif. "The only guy who's
- going to gain from BST is the guy who manufactures the stuff."
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- Some dairy officials are worried about tampering with milk
- at a time when the public is already nervous about food safety.
- "You're monkeying around with a product that has a natural
- image," warns Adri Boudewyn, spokesman for the California Milk
- Advisory Board. The dairy industry is concerned that critics of
- BST will try to turn public opinion against the hormone.
- Anti-BST television and radio commercials have already been
- produced but have not yet aired. One 30-second TV spot, created
- by Jeremy Rifkin, the flamboyant Washington-based opponent of
- most biotechnology, features a glass of milk with a hypodermic
- syringe lying beside it. A voice asks, "What are they doing to
- our milk?"
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- But milk buyers would be well advised to ignore that scare
- tactic. Unless BST is shown to pose a health hazard to cows or
- humans, the main question will be one of economics and
- politics: Should the financial interests of dairy farmers be put
- above the right of consumers to have lower milk prices?
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